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Indo-Aryan loanwords in Tamil
The Tamil language has absorbed a large number of Indo-Aryan, Prakrit, Pali and Sanskrit,〔http://www.southasia.upenn.edu/tamil/abo.html〕 loanwords ever since the early 1st millennium CE, when the Sangam period Chola kingdoms became influenced by spread of Jainism, Buddhism and early Brahmanism.
Many of these loans are obscured by adaptions to Tamil phonology.〔Michael Witzel ()〕
This is an illustrative list of Tamil words of Indo-Aryan origin, classified based on type of borrowing. The words are transliterated according to IAST system. All words have been referenced with the Madras University Tamil Lexicon, which is used as the most authoritative and standard lexicon by mainstream scholars.〔(Harold Schiffman ) in his (official website ) says of the Madras University Tamil Lexicon "most comprehensive and authoritative."〕〔Another source asserting the status of the Madras University Lexicon is (this ) page where it is called "still the most comprehensive and authoritative Tamil dictionary."〕 In the examples below, the second word is from Tamil, and its original Indo-Aryan source is placed to the left.
==Change of final retroflex to dental==
*ambara - ampala〔Madras University Tamil Lexicon〕
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